Quantum

Indium in Quantum Applications

Indium films are used across a wide range of quantum and advanced semiconductor applications, including:

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  Quantum computing devices
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  Infrared focal plane arrays
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  Low-resistance ohmic contacts for III-V and II-VI semiconductors
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  DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) Coatings

  Infrared anti-reflective and wear-resistant coatings.

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  Electronic component fabrication in cutting-edge semiconductor technologies

Indium’s ductility, low melting point (156.6 °C), and thermal conductivity make it especially suitable for microelectronics and cryogenic environments required by quantum systems. Its compatibility with complex crystal structures also enables the formation of stable and reliable electrical contacts.

PVD: High-Quality Indium Coating for Precision Devices

Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) offers superior film quality compared to traditional methods such as electroplating. PVD provides:

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  Better adhesion to substrates
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  Uniform and dense film structures
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  Reduced sensitivity to environmental conditions
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  Precise control over film thickness
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  Compatibility with a broader range of materials

These advantages are crucial in quantum device fabrication where precision, consistency, and reliability are paramount.

Cryogenic Deposition: Reinforcing Performance

At Intlvac, indium films are deposited at cryogenic temperatures, which supports:

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  Higher shear strength at contact points
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  Improved adhesion of indium bumps to wafer surfaces
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  Inhibition of atomic migration during film growth
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  Reinforced columnar crystalline structure, enhancing mechanical and electrical stability

This low-temperature deposition approach is vital in maintaining device integrity in low-temperature operating environments typical in quantum computing.

Optimized for Lift-Off and Bump Arrays

We use negative photoresist in the lift-off process, which provides:

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  High selectivity during processing
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  Simplified patterning for multilayer deposition
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  Reduced risk of pattern distortion

This method is ideal for creating intricate patterns such as micro bump arrays.

Icarus Indium Coating System: High-Precision Performance

Our Icarus indium coating platform delivers film properties tailored for demanding applications in the quantum industry:

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  Spit-free deposition at rates up to 70 Å/s on 200mm wafers
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  Small-grained, textured film morphology
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  High film uniformity (<5%) over 8” wafers
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  High lift-off yield due to collimated flux and minimized sidewall coating
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  5-micron feature sizes with 10-micron pixel pitch
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  Excellent indium fill and bump definition for both square and round arrays

Supporting Quantum Technology

Intlvac is committed to supporting the global growth of quantum technologies by providing:

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  Precision-engineered thin film coatings
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  Scalable solutions for research and production
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  Custom processes designed to meet the exacting needs of quantum hardware manufacturers